ANSWER:
CASE 6.

The publication of this paper was accompanied by a violation of the peer review process.
Two reviewers Leon Holmes and Elena Overman were recommended by the paper mill. These identities are fake. Researchers with such names don’t exist. The paper mill provided superficial and positive reviews for this paper.
The reviews were submitted on the same day.
The profile of Leon Holmes on Web of Science demonstrated that this profile was responsible for many peer reviews for different journals though no papers are associated with this profile.

This case of a violation of the peer review process was discussed in:
Abalkina, A., Bishop, D. Paper mills: a novel form of publishing malpractice affecting psychology. Meta-Psy, 2023, vol 7, MP.2022.3422 https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2022.3422

This paper has been retracted:

The above article published online on August 6, 2021 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor, Michael Blank, and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Following publication, concerns were raised by a third party.1 Further investigation by the publisher revealed concerns about authorship and peer review. The Editor has determined that the article does not meet the required scholarly standards of the journal, and has therefore taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of this decision.

1. Abalkina A., & Bishop D. V. M. (2022, September 5). Paper mills: A novel form of publishing malpractice affecting psychology. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2yf8z

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