ANSWER:
CASE 3.

This paper was published online on September 3, 2021, although many online resources in the reference list were retrieved after the publication date. See the examples:

Barsky, K. (2011). Shanghai Cooperation Organization: New World in Global Politics. Retrieved from: http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=8692. Accessed 05 September 2021
Gabuev, A., Mohan, C. R., Trenin, D. and Haenle, P. (2020). The future of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization: as seen in Moscow, New Delhi and Beijing. Retrieved from: https://carnegie.ru/commentary/71257. Accessed 10 September 2021.
Koldunova, E. and Kundu, N. D. (2014). Russia’s role in the SCO and Central Asia: challenges and opportunities. Valdai Discussion Club Grantees Report. Retrieved from: http://vid-1.rian.ru/ig/valdai/SCO_eng.pdf. Accessed 28 September 2021.
Lynch, I. J. (2020). What are the implications of China’s growing security role in Central Asia? Retrieved from: https://thediplomat.com/2020/06/what-are-the-implications-of-chinas-growing-security-role-in-central-asia/. Accessed 8 September 2021.
McFaul, M. (2020). Xi Jinping is not Stalin. How a lazy historical analogy derailed Washington’s China strategy. Retrieved from: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/united-states/2020-08-10/xi-jinping-not-stalin?utm_medium=newsletters&utm_source=fatoday&utm_campaign=Xi%20Jinping%20Is%20Not%20Stalin&utm_content=20200810&utm_term=FA%20Today%20-%20112017. Accessed 10 September 2021.
Statement by SCO Secretary General Vladimir Norov at a roundtable at the Austrian Institute for European Politics and Security. (2020). Retrieved from: http://infoshos.ru/en/?idn=24081. Accessed 12 September 2021.


The editor-in-chief has issued an expression of concern:
“The Editor-in-Chief is issuing an editorial expression of concern to alert readers that after publication, concerns were raised about irrelevant citations and access dates that post-date publication. The authors stated that they used a third party to translate and submit the paper without declaring it and that they had not seen the final draft. Readers are advised to interpret the article with caution.“
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